Archive

Author: Salim Rezaie

Does Lactated Ringers (LR) Raise Serum Lactate?

Background: Serial lactate measurements is a common core measure that we follow in septic shock resuscitation. A number of readers have written in enquiring about whether resuscitation with lactated ringers instead of 0.9% saline would lead to increases in serum lactate.   …

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Endocrine, Metabolic, Fluid, and Electrolytes

Rebellion in EM 2019: Navigating Through Adversity and Setbacks in Medicine

Life and work can serve up its fair share of adversity and setbacks that we have to contend with. In medicine we are often tasked to perform under time pressures to do complex procedures, deal with human suffering, and make decisions …

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ETO2: The Future of RSI Preoxygenation in the ED?

Background: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) involves the use of an induction agent followed by a neuromuscular blocking (NMB) agent to obtain optimal intubating conditions.  Administration of a NMB results in apnea which, in turn, can lead to oxygen desaturation.  Oxygen desaturation …

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Procedures and Skills

Rebellion in EM 2019: Why Tramadol Should Be Called Tramadon’t…The Dirty Truth

Background: Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic approved for use in the United States in 1995 by the Food and Drug Administration. In 2014, the Drug Enforcement Agency classified tramadol as a Schedule IV controlled substance. ~41 million …

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Toxicology

Rebellion in EM 2019: Pro/Con Debate – Epinephrine in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)

Background: Epinephrine (adrenaline) has been used in advanced life support in cardiac arrest since the early 1960s. Despite the routine recommendation for its use, evidence to support administration is less than ideal.  Although it is clear from multiple observational studies …

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Resuscitation

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