Medical Category: Endocrine, Metabolic, Fluid, and Electrolytes

Take Home Points Severe hypocalcemia can cause hypotension and QTc prolongation leading to Torsades de Pointes.  Treat moderate to severe symptoms and any EKG changes with IV calcium salts Always search for and treat the underlying cause of hypocalcemia

Take Home Points Patients with severe hypercalcemia (> 14 mg/dL) are at risk for severe cardiac dysrhythmias and cardiac collapse Treatment centers on volume repletion with normal saline with consideration for the addition of loop diuretics AFTER volume reexpansion is …

Background: Patients presenting with acute exacerbations of congestive heart failure are frequently treated with intravenous loop diuretics.  Despite being treated with loop diuretics, the problem is many are discharged from the hospital with residual clinical signs of volume overload despite …

Background: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend an initial fixed volume of 30mL/kg of IDEAL body weight within the first 3 hours of resuscitation (weak recommendation, low-quality evidence). [2].  Additionally, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines state there is insufficient evidence …