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BPAP vs AVAPS for Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in the ED

Background: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is an effective treatment modality for patients with both hypoxemic or hypercapnic respiratory failure and has been shown to decrease the need for intubation [2].  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) provides a constant positive …

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Thoracic and Respiratory

The PREOXI Trial: Pre-Oxygenation with NIV vs Facemask

Background: Tracheal intubation is frequently performed in critically ill patients.  Hypoxemia is one of the major adverse events that can occur during intubation and it increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Preoxygenation before induction of anesthesia increases the amount …

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ResuscitationThoracic and Respiratory

Should End-Tidal Capnometry (ETC) During ED Procedural Sedation/Analgesia (PSA) Not Be Standard Care?

Background: Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is a frequently employed in the emergency department (ED) to facilitate painful procedures. Some of the potential untoward effects of PSA include cardio-respiratory depression and/or airway compromise.  Standard practice in many parts of the …

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Procedures and Skills

REBEL Core Cast 125.0 – Hyperkalemia

Take Home Points Always obtain an EKG in patients with ESRD upon presentation Always obtain an EKG in patients with hyperkalemia as pseudohyperkalemia is the number one cause If the patient with hyperkalemia is unstable or has significant EKG changes …

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Endocrine, Metabolic, Fluid, and Electrolytes

Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema: High-Dose Vs. Low-Dose Nitro

Background: Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema (SCAPE) results from an increased systemic vascular resistance and activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), which causes increased sodium/water reabsorption and worsening cardiac function. Additionally, sympathetic activation shifts fluid from splanchnic beds into the …

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ResuscitationThoracic and Respiratory

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