Background: There is a shifting paradigm with persuasive evidence favoring a shorter duration of antibiotics for outpatient management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. The SAFER and CAP-IT trials found that short-course antibiotic therapy was not inferior to standard duration ...
Background: Pneumothorax management is a common clinical condition in the emergency department (ED) occurring in patients of varying ages and caused by multiple etiologies, including spontaneous, traumatic, and iatrogenic pneumothorax. Regardless of the cause, a thoracostomy is often required for ...
Take Home Points Consider the diagnosis of testicular torsion in all patients with acute testicular pain Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that requires immediate urologic consultation to increase the rate of tissue salvage. History, physical examination and ultrasound are ...
BACKGROUND: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as rivaroxaban and apixaban have become more prevalent in the aging population and are associated with intracranial bleeding at rates up to 4.2%. (Xian 2019) 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (4F-PCC), or K-Centra, ...
Take Home Points Methemoglobinemia can result from exposure to a number of different medications. The most common are dapsone and topical anesthetic agents (i.e. benzocaine) Consider the diagnosis in any patient with cyanosis and hypoxia that doesn’t respond to oxygen ...
Background: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) induction agent selection remains a heavily debated matter. Etomidate causes adrenal suppression in critically ill patients triggering a groundswell of support in favor of ketamine. (Albert 2011, Jabre 2009) However, the existing literature comparing etomidate ...
Take Home Points Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a difficult diagnosis to make because presentations are variable. Consider a diagnostic paracentesis in all patients presenting to the ED with ascites from cirrhosis An ascites PMN count > 250 cells/mm3 is ...
Background: Vitamin C dissociates to ascorbate at physiological pH and is not organically synthesized by the human body. Vitamin C can function as an antioxidant and may mitigate endothelial oxidative stress in sepsis. (Amrein 2018) A small, single-center, before-and-after study ...
Take Home Points Severe hypocalcemia can cause hypotension and QTc prolongation leading to Torsades de Pointes. Treat moderate to severe symptoms and any EKG changes with IV calcium salts Always search for and treat the underlying cause of hypocalcemia
Take Home Points Patients with severe hypercalcemia (> 14 mg/dL) are at risk for severe cardiac dysrhythmias and cardiac collapse Treatment centers on volume repletion with normal saline with consideration for the addition of loop diuretics AFTER volume reexpansion is ...
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