Archive

Medical Category: Toxicology

Vaping Associated Lung Injury (VALI)

Background: E-cigarettes or “vapes” are now the most popular tobacco product among US teens and are used by 20% of all high-schoolers2. Vapes are used to heat and vaporize a liquid (e-juice or vape juice) that may contain nicotine, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ...

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Thoracic and RespiratoryToxicology

Rebellion in EM 2019: Why Tramadol Should Be Called Tramadon’t…The Dirty Truth

Background: Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic approved for use in the United States in 1995 by the Food and Drug Administration. In 2014, the Drug Enforcement Agency classified tramadol as a Schedule IV controlled substance. ~41 million ...

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Toxicology

A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Oral Ibuprofen at Three Single-Dose Regimens for Treating Acute Pain in the ED

Background Information: Non-steroidal Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Ibuprofen are of the one of the most commonly used oral analgesics in the emergency department. 1 These medications work by inhibiting the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These are two enzymes ...

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Toxicology

The HOUR Trial: Clinical Decision Rule for Opioid Overdose Patients in the Emergency Department

Background Information: In 2017, more than two-thirds of the 70,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States involved an opioid.1 Many emergency departments are affected as opioid overdoses increased 30% from July 2016 through September 2017 in 52 areas in ...

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Toxicology

Journal Abstracts and Why You Should Continue to Use Phenobarbital in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome for Patients Requiring Admission

Background: The mainstay of treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a symptom-triggered approach using benzodiazepines. Phenobarbital, however, is an interesting agent in this scenario for several reasons. It is famous for  it is long duration of action. IV Phenobarbital has an ...

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Toxicology

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