Background information: Alcohol has potentiating effects on the inhibitory GABA neurotransmission system and inhibitory effects on the excitatory glutamate neurotransmission system. Chronic alcohol use causes changes to preserve homeostasis, and when the stimulus is removed, alcohol withdrawal results due to ...
Background: Acute alcohol intoxication is often identified early in a patient’s visit by behavioral changes accompanied by slurred speech, ataxia, nystagmus, or the smell of alcohol. However, evaluating and managing patients with acute alcohol intoxication in the emergency department can ...
Take Home Points Lithium toxicity comes in a three flavors: acute, chronic and acute on chronic. Each form will have a different presentation as well as management. Lithium levels are often unreliable in terms of guiding management and must be ...
Take Home Points Methemoglobinemia can result from exposure to a number of different medications. The most common are dapsone and topical anesthetic agents (i.e. benzocaine) Consider the diagnosis in any patient with cyanosis and hypoxia that doesn’t respond to oxygen ...
Take Home Message Do not ignore abnormal vital signs – they can be the harbinger of badness Watch out for developing withdrawal, treat early and aggressively These patients are a major fall risk – keep rails up, place on safety ...
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