Background: Renal colic and migraine headaches are common emergency department presentations.  There are a wide range of medications available to treat pain from these disorders including opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Opioids have two major issues: dependency and side effects (i.e., apnea, vomiting, etc.). Having multiple medication options is essential in our efforts to reduce … Continue reading Adjunctive Pain Management of Renal Colic and Migraines